RegulonDB

Gene
Name:	galK
Synonym(s):	ECK0746, EG10363, b0757, galA
Genome position(nucleotides):	788831 <-- 789979 Genome Browser
Strand:	reverse
Sequence:	Get nucleotide sequence FastaFormat
GC content %:	52.92
External database links:

ASAP:	ABE-0002568
CGSC:	723
ECHOBASE:	EB0358
MIM:	230200
OU-MICROARRAY:	b0757
PortEco:	galK
STRING:	511145.b0757
COLOMBOS:	galK

Gene

Name:

galK

Synonym(s):

ECK0746, EG10363, b0757, galA

Genome position(nucleotides):

788831 <-- 789979 Genome Browser

Strand:

reverse

Sequence:

Get nucleotide sequence FastaFormat

GC content %:

52.92

External database links:

ASAP:

CGSC:

ECHOBASE:

MIM:

OU-MICROARRAY:

PortEco:

STRING:

COLOMBOS:

Type

Positions

Sequence

114 -> 181

DMVISGNVPQGAGLSSSASLEVAVGTVLQQLYHLPLDGAQIALNGQEAENQFVGCNCGIMDQLISALG

11 -> 58

FANAFGYPATHTIQAPGRVNLIGEHTDYNDGFVLPCAIDYQTVISCAP

124 -> 130

GAGLSSS

34 -> 37

EHTD

279 -> 361

ASALEQGDLKRMGELMAESHASMRDDFEITVPQIDTLVEIVKAVIGDKGGVRMTGGGFGGCIVALIPEELVPAVQQAVAEQYE

Type

Positions

Sequence

114 -> 181

DMVISGNVPQGAGLSSSASLEVAVGTVLQQLYHLPLDGAQIALNGQEAENQFVGCNCGIMDQLISALG

11 -> 58

FANAFGYPATHTIQAPGRVNLIGEHTDYNDGFVLPCAIDYQTVISCAP

124 -> 130

GAGLSSS

34 -> 37

EHTD

279 -> 361

ASALEQGDLKRMGELMAESHASMRDDFEITVPQIDTLVEIVKAVIGDKGGVRMTGGGFGGCIVALIPEELVPAVQQAVAEQYE

371 -> 371

2 -> 382

SLKEKTQSLFANAFGYPATHTIQAPGRVNLIGEHTDYNDGFVLPCAIDYQTVISCAPRDDRKVRVMAADYENQLDEFSLDAPIVAHENYQWANYVRGVVKHLQLRNNSFGGVDMVISGNVPQGAGLSSSASLEVAVGTVLQQLYHLPLDGAQIALNGQEAENQFVGCNCGIMDQLISALGKKDHALLIDCRSLGTKAVSMPKGVAVVIINSNFKRTLVGSEYNTRREQCETGARFFQQPALRDVTIEEFNAVAHELDPIVAKRVRHILTENARTVEAASALEQGDLKRMGELMAESHASMRDDFEITVPQIDTLVEIVKAVIGDKGGVRMTGGGFGGCIVALIPEELVPAVQQAVAEQYEAKTGIKETFYVCKPSQGAGQC

Multifun Terms (GenProtEC)

1 - metabolism --> 1.1 - carbon utilization --> 1.1.1 - carbon compounds

1 - metabolism --> 1.6 - biosynthesis of macromolecules (cellular constituents) --> 1.6.2 - colanic acid (M antigen)

1 - metabolism --> 1.7 - central intermediary metabolism --> 1.7.7 - galactose metabolism

6 - cell structure --> 6.7 - capsule (M and K antigens)

Gene Ontology Terms (GO)

cellular_component

GO:0005737 - cytoplasm
GO:0005829 - cytosol

molecular_function

GO:0016740 - transferase activity
GO:0046872 - metal ion binding
GO:0016301 - kinase activity
GO:0019200 - carbohydrate kinase activity
GO:0016773 - phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor
GO:0000166 - nucleotide binding
GO:0005524 - ATP binding
GO:0004335 - galactokinase activity
GO:0000287 - magnesium ion binding
GO:0005534 - galactose binding

biological_process

GO:0005975 - carbohydrate metabolic process
GO:0006012 - galactose metabolic process
GO:0016310 - phosphorylation
GO:0046835 - carbohydrate phosphorylation
GO:0033499 - galactose catabolic process via UDP-galactose

Transcriptional Regulation
	Display Regulation
Activated by:	CRP, GalS, GalR
Repressed by:	CRP, H-NS, GalS, HU, GalR

Transcriptional Regulation

Display Regulation

Activated by:

CRP, GalS, GalR

Repressed by:

CRP, H-NS, GalS, HU, GalR

Regulation by small RNA
	Display Regulation
small RNA	spf

Regulation by small RNA

Display Regulation

small RNA

spf

Type	Name	Post Left	Strand	Notes	Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak)	References
promoter	TSS_927	787626	reverse	nd	[RS-EPT-CBR]	[8]
promoter	TSS_928	787629	reverse	nd	[RS-EPT-CBR]	[8]
promoter	TSS_931	787682	reverse	nd	[RS-EPT-CBR]	[8]
promoter	TSS_932	788845	reverse	nd	[RS-EPT-CBR]	[8]
promoter	TSS_933	788852	reverse	nd	[RS-EPT-CBR]	[8]
promoter	TSS_934 (cluster)	788855	reverse	For this promoter, there is a cluster of 2 transcription start sites,in the interval 788854 to 788855, where the highest frequency is at position 788077. The most upstream position of this cluster is assigned as TSS position in the promoter. Read more >	[RS-EPT-CBR]	[8]
promoter	TSS_935 (cluster)	788865	reverse	For this promoter, there is a cluster of 2 transcription start sites,in the interval 788864 to 788865, where the highest frequency is at position 788087. The most upstream position of this cluster is assigned as TSS position in the promoter. Read more >	[RS-EPT-CBR]	[8]
promoter	galMp4	788898	reverse	Similarity to the consensus sequence of the set of known functional promoters for this sigma factor with strong experimental evidence: poor homology. Score: 5.369. P-value: 4.725e-5 Read more >	[ICWHO]	[9]
promoter	TSS_936	789995	reverse	nd	[RS-EPT-CBR]	[8]

Type

Name

Post Left

Post Right

Strand

Notes

Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak)

References

promoter

TSS_927

787626

reverse

[RS-EPT-CBR]

[8]

promoter

TSS_928

787629

reverse

[RS-EPT-CBR]

[8]

promoter

TSS_931

787682

reverse

[RS-EPT-CBR]

[8]

promoter

TSS_932

788845

reverse

[RS-EPT-CBR]

[8]

promoter

TSS_933

788852

reverse

[RS-EPT-CBR]

[8]

promoter

TSS_934 (cluster)

788855

reverse

For this promoter, there
Read more >

[RS-EPT-CBR]

[8]

promoter

TSS_935 (cluster)

788865

reverse

For this promoter, there
Read more >

[RS-EPT-CBR]

[8]

promoter

galMp4

788898

reverse

Similarity to the consensus
Read more >

[ICWHO]

[9]

promoter

TSS_936

789995

reverse

[RS-EPT-CBR]

[8]

Evidence
[RS-EPT-CBR] RNA-seq using two enrichment strategies for primary transcripts and consistent biological replicates
[ICWHO] Inferred computationally without human oversight

Evidence

[RS-EPT-CBR] RNA-seq using two enrichment strategies for primary transcripts and consistent biological replicates

[ICWHO] Inferred computationally without human oversight

Reference(s)
[1] Bork P., Sander C., Valencia A., 1993, Convergent evolution of similar enzymatic function on different protein folds: the hexokinase, ribokinase, and galactokinase families of sugar kinases., Protein Sci 2(1):31-40
[2] Debouck C., Riccio A., Schumperli D., McKenney K., Jeffers J., Hughes C., Rosenberg M., Heusterspreute M., Brunel F., Davison J., 1985, Structure of the galactokinase gene of Escherichia coli, the last (?) gene of the gal operon., Nucleic Acids Res 13(6):1841-53
[3] Hoffmeister D., Thorson JS., 2004, Mechanistic implications of Escherichia coli galactokinase structure-based engineering., Chembiochem 5(7):989-92
[4] Ji SC., Wang X., Yun SH., Jeon HJ., Lee HJ., Kim H., Lim HM., 2011, In vivo transcription dynamics of the galactose operon: a study on the promoter transition from P1 to P2 at onset of stationary phase., PLoS One 6(3):e17646
[5] Soffer RL., 1961, Enzymatic expression of genetic units of function concerned with galactose metabolism in Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 82:471-8
[6] Yang J., Fu X., Jia Q., Shen J., Biggins JB., Jiang J., Zhao J., Schmidt JJ., Wang PG., Thorson JS., 2003, Studies on the substrate specificity of Escherichia coli galactokinase., Org Lett 5(13):2223-6
[7] Yang J., Fu X., Liao J., Liu L., Thorson JS., 2005, Structure-based engineering of E. coli galactokinase as a first step toward in vivo glycorandomization., Chem Biol 12(6):657-64
[8] Salgado H, Peralta-Gil M, Gama-Castro S, Santos-Zavaleta A, Muñiz-Rascado L, García-Sotelo JS, Weiss V, Solano-Lira H, Martínez-Flores I, Medina-Rivera A, Salgado-Osorio G, Alquicira-Hernández S, Alquicira-Hernández K, López-Fuentes A, Porrón-Sotelo L, Huerta AM, Bonavides-Martínez C, Balderas-Martínez YI, Pannier L, Olvera M, Labastida A, Jiménez-Jacinto V, Vega-Alvarado L, Del Moral-Chávez V, Hernández-Alvarez A, Morett E, Collado-Vides J., 2012, RegulonDB v8.0: omics data sets, evolutionary conservation, regulatory phrases, cross-validated gold standards and more., Nucleic Acids Res.
[9] Huerta AM., Collado-Vides J., 2003, Sigma70 promoters in Escherichia coli: specific transcription in dense regions of overlapping promoter-like signals., J Mol Biol 333(2):261-78

Reference(s)

[1] Bork P., Sander C., Valencia A., 1993, Convergent evolution of similar enzymatic function on different protein folds: the hexokinase, ribokinase, and galactokinase families of sugar kinases., Protein Sci 2(1):31-40

[2] Debouck C., Riccio A., Schumperli D., McKenney K., Jeffers J., Hughes C., Rosenberg M., Heusterspreute M., Brunel F., Davison J., 1985, Structure of the galactokinase gene of Escherichia coli, the last (?) gene of the gal operon., Nucleic Acids Res 13(6):1841-53

[3] Hoffmeister D., Thorson JS., 2004, Mechanistic implications of Escherichia coli galactokinase structure-based engineering., Chembiochem 5(7):989-92

[4] Ji SC., Wang X., Yun SH., Jeon HJ., Lee HJ., Kim H., Lim HM., 2011, In vivo transcription dynamics of the galactose operon: a study on the promoter transition from P1 to P2 at onset of stationary phase., PLoS One 6(3):e17646

[5] Soffer RL., 1961, Enzymatic expression of genetic units of function concerned with galactose metabolism in Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 82:471-8

[6] Yang J., Fu X., Jia Q., Shen J., Biggins JB., Jiang J., Zhao J., Schmidt JJ., Wang PG., Thorson JS., 2003, Studies on the substrate specificity of Escherichia coli galactokinase., Org Lett 5(13):2223-6

[7] Yang J., Fu X., Liao J., Liu L., Thorson JS., 2005, Structure-based engineering of E. coli galactokinase as a first step toward in vivo glycorandomization., Chem Biol 12(6):657-64

[8] Salgado H, Peralta-Gil M, Gama-Castro S, Santos-Zavaleta A, Muñiz-Rascado L, García-Sotelo JS, Weiss V, Solano-Lira H, Martínez-Flores I, Medina-Rivera A, Salgado-Osorio G, Alquicira-Hernández S, Alquicira-Hernández K, López-Fuentes A, Porrón-Sotelo L, Huerta AM, Bonavides-Martínez C, Balderas-Martínez YI, Pannier L, Olvera M, Labastida A, Jiménez-Jacinto V, Vega-Alvarado L, Del Moral-Chávez V, Hernández-Alvarez A, Morett E, Collado-Vides J., 2012, RegulonDB v8.0: omics data sets, evolutionary conservation, regulatory phrases, cross-validated gold standards and more., Nucleic Acids Res.

[9] Huerta AM., Collado-Vides J., 2003, Sigma70 promoters in Escherichia coli: specific transcription in dense regions of overlapping promoter-like signals., J Mol Biol 333(2):261-78