RegulonDB RegulonDB 11.1: Gene Form
   

adhE gene in Escherichia coli K-12 genome


Gene local context to scale (view description)

adhE insZ tdk ychT Lrp Fis Fis Lrp Fis Lrp Cra FNR NarL NarL terminator anti-terminator anti-anti-terminator ychEp8 ychEp8 adhEp1 adhEp1 adhEp adhEp adhEp2 adhEp2 TSS_1621 TSS_1621 TSS_1620 (cluster) TSS_1620 (cluster) TSS_1619 (cluster) TSS_1619 (cluster) TSS_1618 TSS_1618 TSS_1617 TSS_1617 TSS_1616 TSS_1616 TSS_1615 TSS_1615 TSS_1614 (cluster) TSS_1614 (cluster) TSS_1613 TSS_1613 TSS_1612 TSS_1612 TSS_1611 TSS_1611 TSS_1610 TSS_1610 TSS_1609 (cluster) TSS_1609 (cluster) TSS_1608 TSS_1608 TSS_1607 TSS_1607 TSS_1606 TSS_1606 TSS_1605 TSS_1605 TSS_1604 TSS_1604 TSS_1603 TSS_1603 TSS_1602 TSS_1602 TSS_1601 (cluster) TSS_1601 (cluster) TSS_1600 TSS_1600 TSS_1599 (cluster) TSS_1599 (cluster) TSS_1598 TSS_1598 TSS_1597 TSS_1597 TSS_1596 TSS_1596 TSS_1595 TSS_1595 TSS_1594 TSS_1594 TSS_1593 TSS_1593 TSS_1592 TSS_1592 TSS_1591 TSS_1591 TSS_1590 TSS_1590 TSS_1589 TSS_1589 TSS_1588 TSS_1588 TSS_1587 TSS_1587 TSS_1586 TSS_1586 TSS_1585 TSS_1585 TSS_1584 TSS_1584 TSS_1583 TSS_1583 TSS_1582 TSS_1582 TSS_1581 TSS_1581 TSS_1580 TSS_1580 TSS_1579 TSS_1579 TSS_1578 TSS_1578 TSS_1577 TSS_1577

Gene      
Name: adhE    Texpresso search in the literature
Synonym(s): ECK1235, EG10031, adhC, ana, b1241
Genome position(nucleotides): 1295446 <-- 1298121
Strand: reverse
Sequence: Get nucleotide sequence FastaFormat
GC content %:  
 50.64
Reference(s): [1] Chen YM., et al., 1991
[2] Goodlove PE., et al., 1989
[3] Leonardo MR., et al., 1993
[4] Membrillo-Hernandez J., et al., 1999
[5] Membrillo-Hernandez J., et al., 1999
External database links:  
ASAP:
 ABE-0004164
CGSC:
 1041
ECHOBASE:
 EB0030
ECOLIHUB:
 adhE
OU-MICROARRAY:
 b1241
STRING:
 511145.b1241
COLOMBOS: adhE


Product      
Name: fused acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase and iron-dependent alcohol dehydrogenasealdehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase AdhE
Synonym(s): AdhC, AdhE, Ana, aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase AdhE
Sequence: Get amino acid sequence Fasta Format
Cellular location: cytosol,membrane
Molecular weight: 96.127
Isoelectric point: 6.766
Motif(s):
 
Type Positions Sequence Comment
2 -> 891 AVTNVAELNALVERVKKAQREYASFTQEQVDKIFRAAALAAADARIPLAKMAVAESGMGIVEDKVIKNHFASEYIYNAYKDEKTCGVLSEDDTFGTITIAEPIGIICGIVPTTNPTSTAIFKSLISLKTRNAIIFSPHPRAKDATNKAADIVLQAAIAAGAPKDLIGWIDQPSVELSNALMHHPDINLILATGGPGMVKAAYSSGKPAIGVGAGNTPVVIDETADIKRAVASVLMSKTFDNGVICASEQSVVVVDSVYDAVRERFATHGGYLLQGKELKAVQDVILKNGALNAAIVGQPAYKIAELAGFSVPENTKILIGEVTVVDESEPFAHEKLSPTLAMYRAKDFEDAVEKAEKLVAMGGIGHTSCLYTDQDNQPARVSYFGQKMKTARILINTPASQGGIGDLYNFKLAPSLTLGCGSWGGNSISENVGPKHLINKKTVAKRAENMLWHKLPKSIYFRRGSLPIALDEVITDGHKRALIVTDRFLFNNGYADQITSVLKAAGVETEVFFEVEADPTLSIVRKGAELANSFKPDVIIALGGGSPMDAAKIMWVMYEHPETHFEELALRFMDIRKRIYKFPKMGVKAKMIAVTTTSGTGSEVTPFAVVTDDATGQKYPLADYALTPDMAIVDANLVMDMPKSLCAFGGLDAVTHAMEAYVSVLASEFSDGQALQALKLLKEYLPASYHEGSKNPVARERVHSAATIAGIAFANAFLGVCHSMAHKLGSQFHIPHGLANALLICNVIRYNANDNPTKQTAFSQYDRPQARRRYAEIADHLGLSAPGDRTAAKIEKLLAWLETLKAELGIPKSIREAGVQEADFLANVDKLSEDAFDDQCTGANPRYPLISELKQILLDTYYGRDYVEGETAAKKEAAPAKAEKKAKKSA UniProt: Aldehyde-alcohol dehydrogenase.
5 -> 400 NVAELNALVERVKKAQREYASFTQEQVDKIFRAAALAAADARIPLAKMAVAESGMGIVEDKVIKNHFASEYIYNAYKDEKTCGVLSEDDTFGTITIAEPIGIICGIVPTTNPTSTAIFKSLISLKTRNAIIFSPHPRAKDATNKAADIVLQAAIAAGAPKDLIGWIDQPSVELSNALMHHPDINLILATGGPGMVKAAYSSGKPAIGVGAGNTPVVIDETADIKRAVASVLMSKTFDNGVICASEQSVVVVDSVYDAVRERFATHGGYLLQGKELKAVQDVILKNGALNAAIVGQPAYKIAELAGFSVPENTKILIGEVTVVDESEPFAHEKLSPTLAMYRAKDFEDAVEKAEKLVAMGGIGHTSCLYTDQDNQPARVSYFGQKMKTARILINTPA
422 -> 427 GSWGGN UniProt: NAD.
457 -> 850 PKSIYFRRGSLPIALDEVITDGHKRALIVTDRFLFNNGYADQITSVLKAAGVETEVFFEVEADPTLSIVRKGAELANSFKPDVIIALGGGSPMDAAKIMWVMYEHPETHFEELALRFMDIRKRIYKFPKMGVKAKMIAVTTTSGTGSEVTPFAVVTDDATGQKYPLADYALTPDMAIVDANLVMDMPKSLCAFGGLDAVTHAMEAYVSVLASEFSDGQALQALKLLKEYLPASYHEGSKNPVARERVHSAATIAGIAFANAFLGVCHSMAHKLGSQFHIPHGLANALLICNVIRYNANDNPTKQTAFSQYDRPQARRRYAEIADHLGLSAPGDRTAAKIEKLLAWLETLKAELGIPKSIREAGVQEADFLANVDKLSEDAFDDQCTGANPRYPL

 
Classification:
Multifun Terms (GenProtEC)  
  1 - metabolism --> 1.3 - energy metabolism, carbon --> 1.3.5 - fermentation
Gene Ontology Terms (GO)  
cellular_component GO:0005829 - cytosol
GO:0016020 - membrane
molecular_function GO:0004025 - alcohol dehydrogenase activity, iron-dependent
GO:0003824 - catalytic activity
GO:0005515 - protein binding
GO:0043022 - ribosome binding
GO:0046872 - metal ion binding
GO:0016491 - oxidoreductase activity
GO:0016620 - oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
GO:0004022 - alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
GO:0008198 - ferrous iron binding
GO:0008774 - acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating) activity
GO:0042802 - identical protein binding
GO:0018455 - alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity
biological_process GO:0008152 - metabolic process
GO:0006066 - alcohol metabolic process
GO:0006979 - response to oxidative stress
GO:0015976 - carbon utilization
GO:0051260 - protein homooligomerization
GO:0019664 - mixed acid fermentation
GO:0006115 - ethanol biosynthetic process
Note(s): Note(s): ...[more].
Reference(s): [6] Bianco C., et al., 2006
[7] Choi YJ., et al., 2013
[8] Clark DP., et al., 1980
[9] Dailly YP., et al., 2000
[10] Dawes EA., et al., 1956
[11] Finn TJ., et al., 2017
[2] Goodlove PE., et al., 1989
[12] Hasan CM., et al., 2008
[13] Koma D., et al., 2020
[14] Lara AR., et al., 2006
[15] Leonardo MR., et al., 1991
[16] Matsuoka Y., et al., 2014
[17] Oh MK., et al., 2000
[18] Rudolph FB., et al., 1968
[19] Shalel-Levanon S., et al., 2005
[20] Singh R., et al., 2006
[21] Wachi M., et al., 2001
[22] Wong MS., et al., 2014
[23] Yun NR., et al., 2005
[24] Zhou J., et al., 2019
[25] Zhu J., et al., 2005
[26] Zou X., et al., 2020
External database links:  
ALPHAFOLD:
 P0A9Q7
DIP:
 DIP-35790N
ECOCYC:
 ADHE-MONOMER
ECOLIWIKI:
 b1241
INTERPRO:
 IPR016162
INTERPRO:
 IPR039697
INTERPRO:
 IPR034789
INTERPRO:
 IPR018211
INTERPRO:
 IPR016163
INTERPRO:
 IPR016161
INTERPRO:
 IPR015590
INTERPRO:
 IPR012079
INTERPRO:
 IPR001670
MINT:
 P0A9Q7
MODBASE:
 P0A9Q7
PANTHER:
 PTHR11496
PDB:
 7BVP
PDB:
 6AHC
PDB:
 6SCG
PDB:
 6SCI
PDB:
 6TQH
PDB:
 6TQM
PFAM:
 PF00465
PFAM:
 PF00171
PRIDE:
 P0A9Q7
PRODB:
 PRO_000022056
PROSITE:
 PS00913
PROSITE:
 PS00060
REFSEQ:
 NP_415757
SMR:
 P0A9Q7
UNIPROT:
 P0A9Q7


Operon      
Name: adhE         
Operon arrangement:
Transcription unit        Promoter
adhE
adhE
adhE


Transcriptional Regulation      
Display Regulation             
Activated by: FNR, Fis
Repressed by: Cra, Lrp, NarL


Elements in the selected gene context region unrelated to any object in RegulonDB      

  Type Name Post Left Post Right Strand Notes Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) References
  promoter TSS_1577 1295543 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1578 1295679 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1579 1295919 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1580 1296310 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1581 1296316 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1582 1296554 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1583 1296583 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1584 1296586 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1585 1296589 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1586 1296611 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1587 1296616 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1588 1296672 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1589 1296674 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1590 1296756 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1591 1296775 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1592 1296797 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1593 1296870 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1594 1296892 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1595 1296896 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1596 1297024 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1597 1297170 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1598 1297212 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1599 (cluster) 1297288 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1600 1297462 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1601 (cluster) 1297466 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1602 1297601 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1603 1297609 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1604 1297628 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1605 1297669 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1606 1297682 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1607 1297691 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1608 1297717 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1609 (cluster) 1297803 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1610 1297806 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1611 1297812 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1612 1297840 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1613 1297873 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1614 (cluster) 1297877 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1615 1298092 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1616 1298104 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1617 1298113 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1618 1298138 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1619 (cluster) 1298145 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1620 (cluster) 1298151 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter TSS_1621 1298217 reverse nd [RS-EPT-CBR] [27]
  promoter ychEp8 1298452 forward nd [COMP-AINF] [28]


Evidence    

 [RS-EPT-CBR] RNA-seq using two enrichment strategies for primary transcripts and consistent biological replicates

 [COMP-AINF] Inferred computationally without human oversight


Reference(s)    

 [1] Chen YM., Lin EC., 1991, Regulation of the adhE gene, which encodes ethanol dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 173(24):8009-13

 [2] Goodlove PE., Cunningham PR., Parker J., Clark DP., 1989, Cloning and sequence analysis of the fermentative alcohol-dehydrogenase-encoding gene of Escherichia coli., Gene 85(1):209-14

 [3] Leonardo MR., Cunningham PR., Clark DP., 1993, Anaerobic regulation of the adhE gene, encoding the fermentative alcohol dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 175(3):870-8

 [4] Membrillo-Hernandez J., Kwon O., De Wulf P., Finkel SE., Lin EC., 1999, Regulation of adhE (encoding ethanol oxidoreductase) by the Fis protein in Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 181(23):7390-3

 [5] Membrillo-Hernandez J., Lin EC., 1999, Regulation of expression of the adhE gene, encoding ethanol oxidoreductase in Escherichia coli: transcription from a downstream promoter and regulation by fnr and RpoS., J Bacteriol 181(24):7571-9

 [6] Bianco C., Imperlini E., Calogero R., Senatore B., Pucci P., Defez R., 2006, Indole-3-acetic acid regulates the central metabolic pathways in Escherichia coli., Microbiology 152(Pt 8):2421-31

 [7] Choi YJ., Lee SY., 2013, Microbial production of short-chain alkanes., Nature 502(7472):571-4

 [8] Clark DP., Cronan JE., 1980, Acetaldehyde coenzyme A dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 144(1):179-84

 [9] Dailly YP., Bunch P., Clark DP., 2000, Comparison of the fermentative alcohol dehydrogenases of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli., Microbios 103(406):179-96

 [10] Dawes EA., Foster SM., 1956, The formation of ethanol in Escherichia coli., Biochim Biophys Acta 22(2):253-65

 [11] Finn TJ., Shewaramani S., Leahy SC., Janssen PH., Moon CD., 2017, Dynamics and genetic diversification of Escherichia coli during experimental adaptation to an anaerobic environment., PeerJ 5:e3244

 [12] Hasan CM., Shimizu K., 2008, Effect of temperature up-shift on fermentation and metabolic characteristics in view of gene expressions in Escherichia coli., Microb Cell Fact 7:35

 [13] Koma D., Kishida T., Yoshida E., Ohashi H., Yamanaka H., Moriyoshi K., Nagamori E., Ohmoto T., 2020, Chromosome Engineering To Generate Plasmid-Free Phenylalanine- and Tyrosine-Overproducing Escherichia coli Strains That Can Be Applied in the Generation of Aromatic-Compound-Producing Bacteria., Appl Environ Microbiol 86(14)

 [14] Lara AR., Leal L., Flores N., Gosset G., Bolivar F., Ramirez OT., 2006, Transcriptional and metabolic response of recombinant Escherichia coli to spatial dissolved oxygen tension gradients simulated in a scale-down system., Biotechnol Bioeng 93(2):372-85

 [15] Leonardo MR., Clark DP., 1991, Locations of genes in the nar-adhE region of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome., J Bacteriol 173(5):1574-5

 [16] Matsuoka Y., Shimizu K., 2014, Metabolic flux analysis for Escherichia coli by flux balance analysis., Methods Mol Biol 1191:237-60

 [17] Oh MK., Liao JC., 2000, Gene expression profiling by DNA microarrays and metabolic fluxes in Escherichia coli., Biotechnol Prog 16(2):278-86

 [18] Rudolph FB., Purich DL., Fromm HJ., 1968, Coenzyme A-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. I. Partial purification, properties, and kinetic studies of the enzyme., J Biol Chem 243(21):5539-45

 [19] Shalel-Levanon S., San KY., Bennett GN., 2005, Effect of ArcA and FNR on the expression of genes related to the oxygen regulation and the glycolysis pathway in Escherichia coli under microaerobic growth conditions., Biotechnol Bioeng 92(2):147-59

 [20] Singh R., Yang YT., Lu B., Bennett GN., San KY., 2006, Expression of the pfl gene and resulting metabolite flux distribution in nuo and ackA-pta E. coli mutant strains., Biotechnol Prog 22(3):898-902

 [21] Wachi M., Kaga N., Umitsuki G., Clark DP., Nagai K., 2001, A novel RNase G mutant that is defective in degradation of adhE mRNA but proficient in the processing of 16S rRNA precursor., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 289(5):1301-6

 [22] Wong MS., Li M., Black RW., Le TQ., Puthli S., Campbell P., Monticello DJ., 2014, Microaerobic conversion of glycerol to ethanol in Escherichia coli., Appl Environ Microbiol 80(10):3276-82

 [23] Yun NR., San KY., Bennett GN., 2005, Enhancement of lactate and succinate formation in adhE or pta-ackA mutants of NADH dehydrogenase-deficient Escherichia coli., J Appl Microbiol 99(6):1404-12

 [24] Zhou J., Lu X., Tian B., Wang C., Shi H., Luo C., Zhu X., Yuan X., Li X., 2019, Knockout of acetoacetate degradation pathway gene atoDA enhances the toxicity tolerance of Escherichia coli to isopropanol and acetone., 3 Biotech 9(9):343

 [25] Zhu J., Shimizu K., 2005, Effect of a single-gene knockout on the metabolic regulation in Escherichia coli for D-lactate production under microaerobic condition., Metab Eng 7(2):104-15

 [26] Zou X., Guo L., Huang L., Li M., Zhang S., Yang A., Zhang Y., Zhu L., Zhang H., Zhang J., Feng Z., 2020, Pathway construction and metabolic engineering for fermentative production of β-alanine in Escherichia coli., Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 104(6):2545-2559

 [27] Salgado H, Peralta-Gil M, Gama-Castro S, Santos-Zavaleta A, Muñiz-Rascado L, García-Sotelo JS, Weiss V, Solano-Lira H, Martínez-Flores I, Medina-Rivera A, Salgado-Osorio G, Alquicira-Hernández S, Alquicira-Hernández K, López-Fuentes A, Porrón-Sotelo L, Huerta AM, Bonavides-Martínez C, Balderas-Martínez YI, Pannier L, Olvera M, Labastida A, Jiménez-Jacinto V, Vega-Alvarado L, Del Moral-Chávez V, Hernández-Alvarez A, Morett E, Collado-Vides J., 2012, RegulonDB v8.0: omics data sets, evolutionary conservation, regulatory phrases, cross-validated gold standards and more., Nucleic Acids Res.

 [28] Huerta AM., Collado-Vides J., 2003, Sigma70 promoters in Escherichia coli: specific transcription in dense regions of overlapping promoter-like signals., J Mol Biol 333(2):261-78

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