RegulonDB RegulonDB 10.8: Operon Form
   

marRAB operon and associated TUs in Escherichia coli K-12 genome




Operon      
Name: marRAB
This page displays every known transcription unit of this operon and their known regulation.


Transcription unit          
Name: marRAB
Synonym(s): OP00264
Gene(s): marR, marA, marB   Genome Browser M3D Gene expression COLOMBOS
Note(s): There is a differential expression of the genes of the marRAB operon under antibiotic (tetracycline) pressure. While the expression of marA and marB is increased as the tetracycline concentration increases (from 1.5 to 10 mg/L), the expression of the marR gene is induced only at low concentrations (1.5 and 4 mg/L) 17426813
The proteins TolC and PAP I appear to be indirectly involved in the transcriptional regulation of marA and, thus, MarA-mediated multidrug resistance Ruiz C,2010
MarA increases activation of the marRp promoter in response to salicylate 22753060 Salicylate activates the marRp promoter through Rob 22753060Salicylate induces the marRp promoter independently of Mar, Sox, and Rob 22753060 The marRp promoter had the highest expression in a marA soxS double mutant strain, compared to a marA single mutant and a marA rob double mutant strain, in the presence of salicylate 27098660
Both paraquat and decanoate activate the marRp promoter, in a SoxRS-dependent and Rob-dependent manner, respectively 22753060 The expression of the marRp promoter activated by paraquat is higher when the MarR-dependent autorepression is relieved 27098660
The marRAB operon is induced instantaneously in response to (-)-roemerine, and this response continues for at least 60 minutes CITS:[ 28013396]|.
Evidence: [BTEI] Boundaries of transcription experimentally identified
[IEP] Inferred from expression pattern
[ITC] Inferred through co-regulation
[LTED] Length of transcript experimentally determined
Reference(s): [1] Cohen SP., et al., 1993
[2] Seoane AS., et al., 1995
Promoter
Name: marRp
+1: 1619093
Sigma Factor: Sigma70 Sigmulon
Distance from start of the gene: 27
Sequence: cgtggcatcggtcaattcattcatttgacttatacttgcctgggcaatattatcccctgcAactaattacttgccagggca
                         -35                    -10         +1                   
Note(s): The marRAB promoter has two pairs of direct repeat (DR) elements nearby.
Evidence: [HIPP]
Reference(s): [3] Belliveau NM., et al., 2018
[1] Cohen SP., et al., 1993
TF binding sites (TFBSs)
[AcrR,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal AcrR repressor marRp 1619048 1619058 -40.5 catcggtcaaTTCATTCATTTgacttatact nd [APIORCISFBSCS], [BPP], [CV(CHIP-SV/GEA/ROMA)], [CV(GEA/ROMA)], [GEA] [15]
[CRP,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal CRP-cAMP activator marRp 1619030 1619051 -52.5 cgatttagcaAAACGTGGCATCGGTCAATTCAttcatttgac nd [AIBSCS], [CV(GEA/ROMA)], [GEA], [IMP] [13], [14]
[CpxR,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal CpxR-Phosphorylated activator marRp 1619057 1619072 -29.0 attcattcatTTGACTTATACTTGCCtgggcaatat nd [APIORCISFBSCS], [BPP], [CV(CHIP-SV/GEA/ROMA)], [CV(GEA/ROMA)], [GEA] [16]
[Cra,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal Cra repressor marRp 1619012 1619029 -72.5 attgaacaaaACTTGAACCGATTTAGCAaaacgtggca nd [AIBSCS], [CV(GEA/ROMA)], [GEA] [5]
[Fis,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal Fis1 activator marRp 1619005 1619019 -81.0 gcatcgcattGAACAAAACTTGAACcgatttagca nd [BPP], [CV(CHIP-SV/SM)], [GEA], [SM] [4]
[MarA,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal MarA1 activator marRp 1619022 1619041 -61.5 acttgaaccgATTTAGCAAAACGTGGCATCggtcaattca nd [AIBSCS], [APIORCISFBSCS], [BPP], [CV(CHIP-SV/GEA/ROMA)], [CV(CHIP-SV/SM)], [CV(GEA/ROMA)], [CV(GEA/ROMA/SM)], [GEA], [SM] [3], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]
[MarR,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal MarR1 repressor marRp 1619064 1619085 -18.0 catttgacttATACTTGCCTGGGCAATATTATcccctgcaac nd [AIBSCS], [APIORCISFBSCS], [BPP], [CV(CHIP-SV/GEA/GS)], [CV(CHIP-SV/GEA/ROMA)], [CV(CHIP-SV/SM)], [CV(GEA/GS)], [CV(GEA/ROMA)], [CV(GEA/ROMA/SM)], [CV(GEA/SM/GS)], [GEA], [GS], [SM] [1], [2], [12], [17], [18], [19], [20]
proximal MarR2 repressor marRp 1619098 1619119 17.0 cctgcaactaATTACTTGCCAGGGCAACTAATgtgaaaagta nd [AIBSCS], [APIORCISFBSCS], [BPP], [CV(CHIP-SV/GEA/GS)], [CV(CHIP-SV/GEA/ROMA)], [CV(CHIP-SV/SM)], [CV(GEA/GS)], [CV(GEA/ROMA)], [CV(GEA/ROMA/SM)], [CV(GEA/SM/GS)], [GEA], [GS], [SM] [1], [2], [12], [17], [18], [19], [20]
[Rob,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal Rob activator marRp 1619022 1619041 -61.5 acttgaaccgATTTAGCAAAACGTGGCATCggtcaattca nd [APIORCISFBSCS], [BPP], [CV(CHIP-SV/GEA/ROMA)], [CV(CHIP-SV/SM)], [CV(GEA/ROMA)], [CV(GEA/ROMA/SM)], [GEA], [SM] [4], [6], [7]
[SoxS,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal SoxS1 activator marRp 1619022 1619041 -61.5 acttgaaccgATTTAGCAAAACGTGGCATCggtcaattca nd [APIORCISFBSCS], [BPP], [CV(CHIP-SV/GEA/ROMA)], [CV(GEA/ROMA)], [GEA] [7], [9], [10]
Note(s): 1Activation by Fis is dependent on the presence of MarA, SoxS, or Rob.1This site also can be activated by SoxS. Sequences between -91 and -74 play an \ accessory\ role in MarR and SoxS transcriptional activation and MarA binding to the marR promoter.1Two MarR sites (-18 and +17) are required for full transcriptional repression, but either site alone permits partial repression Martin RG,2004
2Two MarR sites (-18 and +17) are required for full transcriptional repression, but either site alone permits partial repression Martin RG,20041This site also can be activated by MarA. Sequences between -91 to -74 play an \ accesory\ role in MarR and SoxS transcriptional activation and MarA binding to the marR promoter.1Activation by Fis is dependent on the presence of MarA, SoxS, or Rob.
4This site also can be activated by SoxS. Sequences between -91 and -74 play an \ accessory\ role in MarR and SoxS transcriptional activation and MarA binding to the marR promoter.
5This site also can be activated by MarA. Sequences between -91 to -74 play an \ accesory\ role in MarR and SoxS transcriptional activation and MarA binding to the marR promoter.
9Two MarR sites (-18 and +17) are required for full transcriptional repression, but either site alone permits partial repression Martin RG,2004
10Two MarR sites (-18 and +17) are required for full transcriptional repression, but either site alone permits partial repression Martin RG,2004


Evidence    

 [HIPP] Human inference of promoter position

 [APIORCISFBSCS] A person inferred or reviewed a computer inference of sequence function based on similarity to a consensus sequence.

 [BPP] Binding of purified proteins

 [CV(CHIP-SV/GEA/ROMA)] cross validation(CHIP-SV/GEA/ROMA)

 [CV(GEA/ROMA)] cross validation(GEA/ROMA)

 [GEA] Gene expression analysis

 [AIBSCS] Automated inference based on similarity to consensus sequences

 [IMP] Inferred from mutant phenotype

 [CV(CHIP-SV/SM)] cross validation(CHIP-SV/SM)

 [SM] Site mutation

 [CV(GEA/ROMA/SM)] cross validation(GEA/ROMA/SM)

 [CV(CHIP-SV/GEA/GS)] cross validation(CHIP-SV/GEA/GS)

 [CV(GEA/GS)] cross validation(GEA/GS)

 [CV(GEA/SM/GS)] cross validation(GEA/SM/GS)

 [GS] genomic SELEX


Reference(s)    

 [1] Cohen SP., Hachler H., Levy SB., 1993, Genetic and functional analysis of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus in Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 175(5):1484-92

 [2] Seoane AS., Levy SB., 1995, Characterization of MarR, the repressor of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) operon in Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 177(12):3414-9

 [3] Belliveau NM., Barnes SL., Ireland WT., Jones DL., Sweredoski MJ., Moradian A., Hess S., Kinney JB., Phillips R., 2018, Systematic approach for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in bacteria., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115(21):E4796-E4805

 [4] Martin RG., Rosner JL., 1997, Fis, an accessorial factor for transcriptional activation of the mar (multiple antibiotic resistance) promoter of Escherichia coli in the presence of the activator MarA, SoxS, or Rob., J Bacteriol 179(23):7410-9

 [5] Shimada T., Yamamoto K., Ishihama A., 2011, Novel members of the Cra regulon involved in carbon metabolism in Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 193(3):649-59

 [6] Bennik MH., Pomposiello PJ., Thorne DF., Demple B., 2000, Defining a rob regulon in Escherichia coli by using transposon mutagenesis., J Bacteriol 182(13):3794-801

 [7] Martin RG., Gillette WK., Rhee S., Rosner JL., 1999, Structural requirements for marbox function in transcriptional activation of mar/sox/rob regulon promoters in Escherichia coli: sequence, orientation and spatial relationship to the core promoter., Mol Microbiol 34(3):431-41

 [8] Gillette WK., Martin RG., Rosner JL., 2000, Probing the Escherichia coli transcriptional activator MarA using alanine-scanning mutagenesis: residues important for DNA binding and activation., J Mol Biol 299(5):1245-55

 [9] Martin RG., Jair KW., Wolf RE., Rosner JL., 1996, Autoactivation of the marRAB multiple antibiotic resistance operon by the MarA transcriptional activator in Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 178(8):2216-23

 [10] Martin RG., Rosner JL., 2011, Promoter discrimination at class I MarA regulon promoters mediated by glutamic acid 89 of the MarA transcriptional activator of Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 193(2):506-15

 [11] Pomposiello PJ., Bennik MH., Demple B., 2001, Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of the Escherichia coli responses to superoxide stress and sodium salicylate., J Bacteriol 183(13):3890-902

 [12] Rodionov DA., Gelfand MS., Mironov AA., Rakhmaninova AB., 2001, Comparative approach to analysis of regulation in complete genomes: multidrug resistance systems in gamma-proteobacteria., J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 3(2):319-24

 [13] Ruiz C., Levy SB., 2010, Many chromosomal genes modulate MarA-mediated multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli., Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54(5):2125-34

 [14] Zheng D., Constantinidou C., Hobman JL., Minchin SD., 2004, Identification of the CRP regulon using in vitro and in vivo transcriptional profiling., Nucleic Acids Res 32(19):5874-93

 [15] Lee JO., Cho KS., Kim OB., 2014, Overproduction of AcrR increases organic solvent tolerance mediated by modulation of SoxS regulon in Escherichia coli., Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98(20):8763-73

 [16] Weatherspoon-Griffin N., Yang D., Kong W., Hua Z., Shi Y., 2014, The CpxR/CpxA two-component regulatory system up-regulates the multidrug resistance cascade to facilitate Escherichia coli resistance to a model antimicrobial peptide., J Biol Chem 289(47):32571-82

 [17] Martin RG., Rosner JL., 2004, Transcriptional and translational regulation of the marRAB multiple antibiotic resistance operon in Escherichia coli., Mol Microbiol 53(1):183-91

 [18] Martin RG., Rosner JL., 1995, Binding of purified multiple antibiotic-resistance repressor protein (MarR) to mar operator sequences., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(12):5456-60

 [19] Notka F., Linde HJ., Dankesreiter A., Niller HH., Lehn N., 2002, A C-terminal 18 amino acid deletion in MarR in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli reduces MarR binding properties and increases the MIC of ciprofloxacin., J Antimicrob Chemother 49(1):41-7

 [20] Shimada T., Ogasawara H., Ishihama A., 2018, Single-target regulators form a minor group of transcription factors in Escherichia coli K-12., Nucleic Acids Res 46(8):3921-3936

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