RegulonDB RegulonDB 10.8: Operon Form
   

fadL operon and associated TUs in Escherichia coli K-12 genome




Operon      
Name: fadL
This page displays every known transcription unit of this operon and their known regulation.


Transcription unit          
Name: fadL
Synonym(s): OP00109
Gene(s): fadL   Genome Browser M3D Gene expression COLOMBOS
Note(s): OmpR binds at least four regions of DNA near the fadL promoter, two upstream and two downstream from the transcriptional start site. Only the phosphorylated form of OmpR binds the DNA. It is not clear whether binding of OmpR to all four sites is necessary for repression, or whether binding to each site affects transcription in a different way.
Cross talk has been observed between global regulators controlling the fatty acid transport genes Feng Y,2012
Although there are two FadR sites in both the fadL and fadD-sroD operons, these operons modestly regulate FadR expression, which shows that the number of binding sites does not determine regulatory strength Feng Y,2012
FadR and ArcA control fadL and fadD-sroD expression under anaerobic conditions, and their effects are additive Feng Y,2012
Under NlpE outer membrane lipoprotein overexpression, the transcription of the fadL gene is decreased Raivio TL,2013
Evidence: [IHBCE] Inferred by a human based on computational evidence
Reference(s): [1] Black PN. 1991
Promoter
Name: fadLp
+1: 2461205
Sigma Factor: Sigma38 Sigmulon
Distance from start of the gene: 101
Sequence: tttgaaaaaagatagaaacatacttgcaacattccagctggtccgacctatactctcgccActggtctgatttctaagatg
                        -35                 -10             +1                   
Note(s): This promoter is repressed by high osmolarity. These promoter is also regulated by catabolite repression in fadR mutants.
Evidence: [HIPP]
[TIM]
Reference(s): [1] Black PN. 1991
[2] Higashitani A., et al., 1993
[3] Kvint K., et al., 2000
TF binding sites (TFBSs)
[ArcA,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal ArcA-Phosphorylated repressor fadLp 2461160 2461174 -38.0 aaaaagatagAAACATACTTGCAACattccagctg nd [AIBSCS], [BPP] [6]
[CRP,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
remote CRP-cAMP activator fadLp 2461037 2461059 -157.5 gcaaaatcggATAAGTGACCGAAATCACACTTAaaaatgatct nd [BPP], [GEA] [5]
[FadR,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal FadR repressor fadLp 2461180 2461196 -17.0 gcaacattccAGCTGGTCCGACCTATActctcgccac nd [APIORCISFBSCS], [BCE], [BPP], [CV(GEA)], [CV(GEA)], [GEA] [1], [2], [5], [7], [8], [9]
proximal FadR repressor fadLp 2461205 2461221 9.0 tactctcgccACTGGTCTGATTTCTAAgatgtacctc nd [APIORCISFBSCS], [BCE], [BPP] [1], [2], [5], [7], [8], [9]
[OmpR,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
remote OmpR-P repressor fadLp 2461046 2461065 -149.5 gataagtgacCGAAATCACACTTAAAAATGatctaaaaca nd [APIORCISFBSCS], [SM] [1], [2]
proximal OmpR-P repressor fadLp 2461135 2461154 -60.5 atcgcgtttcTTAGATCATATTTGAAAAAAgatagaaaca nd [APIORCISFBSCS], [CV(GEA)], [GEA] [2]
remote OmpR-P repressor fadLp 2461264 2461283 69.5 gttacagcacGTAACATAGTTTGTATAAAAataaatcatt nd [APIORCISFBSCS], [CV(GEA)], [GEA] [2]
remote OmpR-P repressor fadLp 2461314 2461333 119.5 tcatgagccaGAAAACCCTGTTTACAAAGTctgctctcgc nd [APIORCISFBSCS], [CV(GEA)], [GEA] [2]
[PhoP,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
remote PhoP-Phosphorylated1 activator fadLp 2461005 2461023 -191.5 ttccggaaagTGCTGCTCCAGTTGTTAATtctgcaaaat nd [AIBSCS], [CV(GEA)], [GEA] [4]
Note(s): 1This regulatory interaction was identified by means of PhoPQ-related microarray experiments and it was checked for the presence of its regulatory motif in the promoter region Monsieurs P,2005.1This regulatory interaction was identified by means of PhoPQ-related microarray experiments and it was checked for the presence of its regulatory motif in the promoter region Monsieurs P,2005.
Allosteric regulation of RNA-polymerase
  Regulator Function Promoter target of RNApol Growth Conditions Note Evidence Reference
  ppGpp activation fadLp   [GEA] [3]
Evidence: [GEA] Gene expression analysis
Reference(s): [3] Kvint K., et al., 2000


Evidence    

 [HIPP] Human inference of promoter position

 [TIM] Transcription initiation mapping

 [AIBSCS] Automated inference based on similarity to consensus sequences

 [BPP] Binding of purified proteins

 [GEA] Gene expression analysis

 [APIORCISFBSCS] A person inferred or reviewed a computer inference of sequence function based on similarity to a consensus sequence.

 [BCE] Binding of cellular extracts

 [CV(GEA)] cross validation(GEA)

 [SM] Site mutation


Reference(s)    

 [1] Black PN., 1991, Primary sequence of the Escherichia coli fadL gene encoding an outer membrane protein required for long-chain fatty acid transport., J Bacteriol 173(2):435-42

 [2] Higashitani A., Nishimura Y., Hara H., Aiba H., Mizuno T., Horiuchi K., 1993, Osmoregulation of the fatty acid receptor gene fadL in Escherichia coli., Mol Gen Genet 240(3):339-47

 [3] Kvint K., Farewell A., Nystrom T., 2000, RpoS-dependent promoters require guanosine tetraphosphate for induction even in the presence of high levels of sigma(s)., J Biol Chem 275(20):14795-8

 [4] Monsieurs P., De Keersmaecker S., Navarre WW., Bader MW., De Smet F., McClelland M., Fang FC., De Moor B., Vanderleyden J., Marchal K., 2005, Comparison of the PhoPQ regulon in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium., J Mol Evol 60(4):462-74

 [5] Feng Y., Cronan JE., 2012, Crosstalk of Escherichia coli FadR with global regulators in expression of fatty acid transport genes., PLoS One 7(9):e46275

 [6] Cho BK., Knight EM., Palsson BO., 2006, Transcriptional regulation of the fad regulon genes of Escherichia coli by ArcA., Microbiology 152(Pt 8):2207-19

 [7] DiRusso CC., Black PN., Weimar JD., 1999, Molecular inroads into the regulation and metabolism of fatty acids, lessons from bacteria., Prog Lipid Res 38(2):129-97

 [8] DiRusso CC., Metzger AK., Heimert TL., 1993, Regulation of transcription of genes required for fatty acid transport and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli by FadR., Mol Microbiol 7(2):311-22

 [9] Gui L., Sunnarborg A., LaPorte DC., 1996, Regulated expression of a repressor protein: FadR activates iclR., J Bacteriol 178(15):4704-9

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