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Name: | bglGFB | |||||||||
Gene(s): | bglB, bglF, bglG Genome Browser M3D Gene expression COLOMBOS | |||||||||
Note(s): | The bglGFB operon codes for one of four β-glucoside utilization systems in E. coli Moorthy S,2002. It codes for the autoregulatory antiterminator BglG, the EII glucoside transporter BglF, and the glucosidase BglB Schnetz K,1987. This operon is silent in wild-type cells grown in the lab due to the transcriptional regulator HNS Yasuzawa K,1992, but it can be activated by insertion of an IS element upstream of the operon, as well as by point mutations within the CRP-binding site or within gyrA or gyrB Schnetz K, Rak B,1992. Reynolds AE, Felton J, Wright A,1981. Reynolds AE,1986. Once the operon is released from its silent state, it can be activated by Crp and repressed by Fis Gulati A,2000. Caramel A,2000. The bgl promoter is controlled by σS, whose effect is mediated by Crl Moorthy S,2002. Schnetz K.,2002. Once silencing ceases, bglGFB expression is controlled by the aromatic β-glucosides salicin and arbutin via an mRNA antitermination mechanism Schnetz K, Rak B,1988. BglG is activated by phosphorylation by HPr (or FPr) but is inactivated by additional phosphorylation by BglF at a different site Görke B, Rak B,1999. BglG is both phosphorylated and dephosphorylated by BglF, the enzyme II component of the Bgl sugar-transporting phosphotransferase system. The phosphorylation state of BglG at the BglF site is controlled by one of the β-glucoside inducers. In the absence of β-glucoside, BglG associates with and is phosphorylated by BglF in the cytoplasmic membrane. Addition of the inducer leads to dephosphorylation of BglG at the BglF site, and its localization to the cytoplasm where it forms homodimers and its transcriptional antitermination activity allows transcription of the bgl operon. The doubly phosphorylated form of BglG is unable to dimerize and bind to the target mRNA and does not have antiterminator activity Amster-Choder O, Wright A,1992. Schnetz K, Rak B,1990. Amster-Choder O, Wright A,1990. Amster-Choder O, Houman F, Wright A,1989. Lopian L, Nussbaum-Shochat A, O'Day-Kerstein K, Wright A, Amster-Choder O,2003. Ben-Zeev E, Fux L, Amster-Choder O, Eisenstein M,2005. In the absence of the activated BglG homodimer, transcription from the bgl promoter is terminated at one of two rho-independent terminators. The first is located in the leader region of the bgl mRNA at a site immediately upstream of the bglG translation start site, and the second lies between bglG and bglF Schnetz K,1987. Mahadevan S, Wright A,1987. Schnetz K, Rak B,1988. BglG is able to bind to a site in the bgl mRNA which partially overlaps the rho-independent terminators, possibly blocking the formation of the terminator secondary structure and allowing transcription Houman F, Diaz-Torres MR, Wright A,1990. BlgG binding stabilizes the 5' end of the bgl mRNA Gulati A, Mahadevan S,2001. BglG also binds the β-subunit of RNA polymerase Nussbaum-Shochat A, Amster-Choder O,1999. In addition to these well-established forms of transcriptional regulation, the bgl operon expression is also affected by StpA, Hfq, LeO, and BglJ, but their specific mechanisms remain to be determined Free A, Williams RM, Dorman CJ,1998. Tsui HC,1994. Ueguchi C,1998. Giel M,1996. Repression of the bglGFB operon by StpA occurs only in the presence of the N-terminal H-NS protein domain, which comprises the core for dimerization Gueune H,2008. The mRNA produced by the bglGFB operon has been observed mainly in the cellular membrane Kannaiah S, Livny J, Amster-Choder O,2019. |
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Evidence: | [BTEI] Boundaries of transcription experimentally identified [PM] Polar mutation |
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Reference(s): |
[1] Gulati A., et al., 2000 [2] Moorthy S., et al., 2002 [3] Schaefler S. 1967 [4] Schaefler S., et al., 1967 [5] Schnetz K., et al., 1987 [6] Yasuzawa K., et al., 1992 |
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Promoter | ||||||||||
Name: | bglGp1 | |||||||||
+1: | 3906697 | |||||||||
Distance from start of the gene: | 130 | |||||||||
Sequence: |
ggtcatatttttatcaatagcgcattgctattttctctgcacgcaattaaattaatttccGaacctggatgttcgttataa |
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Note(s): | Induction of the pstB-phoU operon partially relieves repression of the bglp promoter by H-NS Rangarajan AA,2018 | |||||||||
Evidence: | [TIM] | |||||||||
Reference(s): |
[2] Moorthy S., et al., 2002 [7] Reynolds AE., et al., 1986 [8] Schnetz K. 2002 |
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Terminator(s) | ||||||||||
Type: | rho-independent | |||||||||
Sequence: | aaagaaagaaTTAACGCATCGCATCCAGACTGTTCTGAATGCGACGATAATTAAggtgctttaa | |||||||||
Reference(s): | [5] Schnetz K., et al., 1987 | |||||||||
Type: | rho-independent | |||||||||
Sequence: | tataaacaaaAAAACCCGACTTCACCAGTATTCTCTGGTTATGTCAGGTTTTgcctgcgaat | |||||||||
Reference(s): | [5] Schnetz K., et al., 1987 |
Type | Transcription factor | Function | Promoter | Binding Sites | Growth Conditions | Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) | Reference(s) | |||
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LeftPos | RightPos | Central Rel-Pos | Sequence | |||||||
proximal | CRP-cyclic-AMP | activator | bglGp1 | 3906748 | 3906769 | -61.5 | caaagttaatAACTGCGAGCATGGTCATATTTttatcaatag | nd | [GEA], [AIBSCS], [BPP], [SM] | [1], [14] |
Type | Transcription factor | Function | Promoter | Binding Sites | Growth Conditions | Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) | Reference(s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LeftPos | RightPos | Central Rel-Pos | Sequence | |||||||
proximal | Fis | repressor | bglGp1 | 3906717 | 3906731 | -27.0 | atagcgcattGCTATTTTCTCTGCAcgcaattaaa | nd | [BPP] | [15] |
proximal | Fis | repressor | bglGp1 | 3906742 | 3906756 | -52.0 | tgcgagcatgGTCATATTTTTATCAatagcgcatt | nd | [BPP] | [15] |
Type | Transcription factor | Function | Promoter | Binding Sites | Growth Conditions | Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) | Reference(s) | |||
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LeftPos | RightPos | Central Rel-Pos | Sequence | |||||||
remote | LeuO | activator | bglGp1 | 3906805 | 3906825 | -118.0 | aataacttaaTTATTGGGATTTGTTATATATaactttataa | nd | [GEA], [IC], [BPP], [IC] | [9], [10], [11] |
remote | LeuO | activator | bglGp1 | 3906836 | 3906856 | -149.0 | atagcgacaaATAATTCACCAGACAAATCCCaataacttaa | nd | [GEA], [IC], [BPP], [IC] | [9], [10], [11] |
Type | Transcription factor | Function | Promoter | Binding Sites | Growth Conditions | Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) | Reference(s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LeftPos | RightPos | Central Rel-Pos | Sequence | |||||||
remote | RcsB-BglJ | activator | bglGp1 | 3906783 | 3906802 | -95.5 | ttatatataaCTTTATAAATTCCTAAAATTacacaaagtt | nd | [GEA], [AIBSCS], [APIORCISFBSCS], [SM] | [9], [11], [12], [13] |
Name: | bglG | |||||||||
Gene(s): | bglG Genome Browser M3D Gene expression COLOMBOS | |||||||||
Evidence: | [BTEI] Boundaries of transcription experimentally identified | |||||||||
Reference(s): |
[7] Reynolds AE., et al., 1986 [5] Schnetz K., et al., 1987 |
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Promoter | ||||||||||
Name: | bglGp1 | |||||||||
+1: | 3906697 | |||||||||
Distance from start of the gene: | 130 | |||||||||
Sequence: |
ggtcatatttttatcaatagcgcattgctattttctctgcacgcaattaaattaatttccGaacctggatgttcgttataa |
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Note(s): | Induction of the pstB-phoU operon partially relieves repression of the bglp promoter by H-NS Rangarajan AA,2018 | |||||||||
Evidence: | [TIM] | |||||||||
Reference(s): |
[2] Moorthy S., et al., 2002 [7] Reynolds AE., et al., 1986 [8] Schnetz K. 2002 |
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Terminator(s) | ||||||||||
Type: | rho-independent | |||||||||
Sequence: | actccaaaaaAAAACCTGAAAAAAACGGCCTGACGTGAATCAAGCAATTTTTTTCAGGTTTTgcccgcttag | |||||||||
Reference(s): | [5] Schnetz K., et al., 1987 |
Type | Transcription factor | Function | Promoter | Binding Sites | Growth Conditions | Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) | Reference(s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LeftPos | RightPos | Central Rel-Pos | Sequence | |||||||
proximal | CRP-cyclic-AMP | activator | bglGp1 | 3906748 | 3906769 | -61.5 | caaagttaatAACTGCGAGCATGGTCATATTTttatcaatag | nd | [GEA], [AIBSCS], [BPP], [SM] | [1], [14] |
Type | Transcription factor | Function | Promoter | Binding Sites | Growth Conditions | Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) | Reference(s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LeftPos | RightPos | Central Rel-Pos | Sequence | |||||||
proximal | Fis | repressor | bglGp1 | 3906717 | 3906731 | -27.0 | atagcgcattGCTATTTTCTCTGCAcgcaattaaa | nd | [BPP] | [15] |
proximal | Fis | repressor | bglGp1 | 3906742 | 3906756 | -52.0 | tgcgagcatgGTCATATTTTTATCAatagcgcatt | nd | [BPP] | [15] |
Type | Transcription factor | Function | Promoter | Binding Sites | Growth Conditions | Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) | Reference(s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LeftPos | RightPos | Central Rel-Pos | Sequence | |||||||
remote | LeuO | activator | bglGp1 | 3906805 | 3906825 | -118.0 | aataacttaaTTATTGGGATTTGTTATATATaactttataa | nd | [GEA], [IC], [BPP], [IC] | [9], [10], [11] |
remote | LeuO | activator | bglGp1 | 3906836 | 3906856 | -149.0 | atagcgacaaATAATTCACCAGACAAATCCCaataacttaa | nd | [GEA], [IC], [BPP], [IC] | [9], [10], [11] |
Type | Transcription factor | Function | Promoter | Binding Sites | Growth Conditions | Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) | Reference(s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LeftPos | RightPos | Central Rel-Pos | Sequence | |||||||
remote | RcsB-BglJ | activator | bglGp1 | 3906783 | 3906802 | -95.5 | ttatatataaCTTTATAAATTCCTAAAATTacacaaagtt | nd | [GEA], [AIBSCS], [APIORCISFBSCS], [SM] | [9], [11], [12], [13] |
Name: | bglG | |||||||||
Gene(s): | bglG Genome Browser M3D Gene expression COLOMBOS | |||||||||
Evidence: | [BTEI] Boundaries of transcription experimentally identified | |||||||||
Reference(s): |
[13] Salscheider SL., et al., 2014 [5] Schnetz K., et al., 1987 |
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Promoter | ||||||||||
Name: | bglGp2 | |||||||||
+1: | 3906717 | |||||||||
Distance from start of the gene: | 150 | |||||||||
Sequence: |
aagttaataactgcgagcatggtcatatttttatcaatagcgcattgctattttctctgcAcgcaattaaattaatttccg |
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Evidence: | [TIM] | |||||||||
Reference(s): | [13] Salscheider SL., et al., 2014 | |||||||||
Terminator(s) | ||||||||||
Type: | rho-independent | |||||||||
Sequence: | actccaaaaaAAAACCTGAAAAAAACGGCCTGACGTGAATCAAGCAATTTTTTTCAGGTTTTgcccgcttag | |||||||||
Reference(s): | [5] Schnetz K., et al., 1987 |
Type | Transcription factor | Function | Promoter | Binding Sites | Growth Conditions | Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) | Reference(s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LeftPos | RightPos | Central Rel-Pos | Sequence | |||||||
proximal | CRP-cyclic-AMP | activator | bglGp2 | 3906748 | 3906769 | -41.5 | caaagttaatAACTGCGAGCATGGTCATATTTttatcaatag | nd | [AIBSCS], [BPP], [GEA], [SM], [AIBSCS], [BPP], [SM] | [1], [11], [14] |
Type | Transcription factor | Function | Promoter | Binding Sites | Growth Conditions | Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak) | Reference(s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LeftPos | RightPos | Central Rel-Pos | Sequence | |||||||
proximal | RcsB-BglJ | activator | bglGp2 | 3906783 | 3906802 | -75.5 | ttatatataaCTTTATAAATTCCTAAAATTacacaaagtt | nd | [AIBSCS], [APIORCISFBSCS], [GEA], [SM], [AIBSCS], [APIORCISFBSCS], [SM] | [9], [11], [12], [13] |
RNA cis-regulatory element | ![]() |
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Regulation, transcriptional elongation | |
Attenuator type: | Transcriptional |
Strand: | reverse |
Structure type | Energy | LeftPos | RightPos | Sequence (RNA-strand) | |
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terminator | -7.2 | 3905643 | 3905674 | acctgaaaaaAATTGCTTGATTCACGTCAGGCCGTTTTTTTcaggtttttt | |
terminator | -16.9 | 3906586 | 3906631 | cgcaggcaaaACCTGACATAACCAGAGAATACTGGTGAAGTCGGGTTTTTTTGTTtataaaaaag | |
anti-terminator | -11.0 | 3905667 | 3905718 | tattattactGAGTAAAGGATTGTTACCGCACTAAGCGGGCAAAACCTGAAAAAAATTGCTtgattcacgt | |
anti-terminator | -10.1 | 3906617 | 3906659 | taataaatgaCTGGATTGTTACTGCATTCGCAGGCAAAACCTGACATAACCAgagaatactg | |
anti-anti-terminator | -6.76 | 3905695 | 3905756 | gccataaataTAGAGCGCGTGCGCAAAGAACACTGAAATATTATTACTGAGTAAAGGATTGTTACCGCACTaagcgggcaa | |
anti-anti-terminator | -6.0 | 3906641 | 3906691 | ttccgaacctGGATGTTCGTTATAAAAACCATTAATAAATGACTGGATTGTTACTGCATTcgcaggcaaa |
Notes: "The provided "Sequence" is that of the RNA strand, i.e. U's are shown instead of T's and regulators on the reverse strand will appear as the reverse complement of the sequence delimited by LeftPos-RigtPos" |
Reference(s) |
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