RegulonDB

Gene
Name:	maeA
Synonym(s):	ECK1473, EG10948, b1479, sfcA
Genome position(nucleotides):	1553972 <-- 1555669
Strand:	reverse
Sequence:	Get nucleotide sequence FastaFormat
GC content %:	52.0
External database links:

ASAP:	ABE-0004931
CGSC:	32176
ECHOBASE:	EB0941
ECOLIHUB:	maeA
OU-MICROARRAY:	b1479
STRING:	511145.b1479
COLOMBOS:	maeA

Product

Name:

malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)

Synonym(s):

MaeA, NAD⁺-dependent malate dehydrogenase, NAD⁺-dependent malic enzyme, SfcA, malate dehydrogenase, NAD-requiring

Sequence:

Get amino acid sequence Fasta Format

Cellular location:

cytosol

Molecular weight:

63.197

Isoelectric point:

4.952

Motif(s):

Type	Positions	Sequence	Comment
	81 -> 261	QDTNETLFYRLVNNHLDEMMPVIYTPTVGAACERFSEIYRRSRGVFISYQNRHNMDDILQNVPNHNIKVIVVTDGERILGLGDQGIGGMGIPIGKLSLYTACGGISPAYTLPVVLDVGTNNQQLLNDPLYMGWRNPRITDDEYYEFVDEFIQAVKQRWPDVLLQFEDFAQKNAMPLLNRYR
	271 -> 530	IQGTAAVTVGTLIAASRAAGGQLSEKKIVFLGAGSAGCGIAEMIISQTQREGLSEEAARQKVFMVDRFGLLTDKMPNLLPFQTKLVQKRENLSDWDTDSDVLSLLDVVRNVKPDILIGVSGQTGLFTEEIIREMHKHCPRPIVMPLSNPTSRVEATPQDIIAWTEGNALVATGSPFNPVVWKDKIYPIAQCNNAFIFPGIGLGVIASGASRITDEMLMSASETLAQYSPLVLNGEGMVLPELKDIQKVSRAIAFAVGKMA

Classification:

Multifun Terms (GenProtEC)
Multifun Terms (GenProtEC)		1 - metabolism --> 1.7 - central intermediary metabolism
Gene Ontology Terms (GO)
	cellular_component	GO:0005829 - cytosol
	molecular_function	GO:0046872 - metal ion binding GO:0016491 - oxidoreductase activity GO:0004470 - malic enzyme activity GO:0008948 - oxaloacetate decarboxylase activity GO:0042802 - identical protein binding GO:0051287 - NAD binding GO:0004471 - malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NAD+) activity
	biological_process	GO:0006090 - pyruvate metabolic process GO:0006094 - gluconeogenesis GO:0006108 - malate metabolic process

Note(s):

Note(s): ...[more].

Reference(s):

[1] Baez-Viveros JL., et al., 2007
[2] Bianco C., et al., 2006
[3] Hoefel T., et al., 2012
[4] Hou S., et al., 2011
[5] Kim S., et al., 2011
[6] Kwon YD., et al., 2007
[7] Lou F., et al., 2016
[8] Mienda BS., et al., 2016
[9] Shen T., et al., 2013
[10] Sigala JC., et al., 2009
[11] Soellner S., et al., 2013
[12] Weiner M., et al., 2014
[13] Wu H., et al., 2007
[14] Yang J., et al., 2014

External database links:

ALPHAFOLD:

ECOCYC:

ECOLIWIKI:

INTERPRO:

INTERPRO:

INTERPRO:

INTERPRO:

INTERPRO:

INTERPRO:

INTERPRO:

MODBASE:

PDB:

PFAM:

PFAM:

PRIDE:

PRINTS:

PROSITE:

REFSEQ:

SMART:

SMART:

SMR:

SWISSMODEL:

UNIPROT:

Operon

Name:

maeA

Operon arrangement:

Transcription unit	Promoter
maeA

Regulation by small RNA
	Display Regulation
small RNA	spf

Elements in the selected gene context region unrelated to any object in RegulonDB

Type	Name	Post Left	Strand	Notes	Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak)	References
promoter	adhPp5	1553994	reverse	nd	[COMP-AINF]	[15]
promoter	maeAp4	1555727	reverse	nd	[COMP-AINF]	[15]
promoter	maeAp3	1555742	reverse	nd	[COMP-AINF]	[15]

Evidence
[COMP-AINF] Inferred computationally without human oversight

Reference(s)
[1] Baez-Viveros JL., Flores N., Juarez K., Castillo-Espana P., Bolivar F., Gosset G., 2007, Metabolic transcription analysis of engineered Escherichia coli strains that overproduce L-phenylalanine., Microb Cell Fact 6:30
[2] Bianco C., Imperlini E., Calogero R., Senatore B., Pucci P., Defez R., 2006, Indole-3-acetic acid regulates the central metabolic pathways in Escherichia coli., Microbiology 152(Pt 8):2421-31
[3] Hoefel T., Faust G., Reinecke L., Rudinger N., Weuster-Botz D., 2012, Comparative reaction engineering studies for succinic acid production from sucrose by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli in fed-batch-operated stirred tank bioreactors., Biotechnol J 7(10):1277-87
[4] Hou S., Liu W., Ji D., Zhao ZK., 2011, Efficient synthesis of triazole moiety-containing nucleotide analogs and their inhibitory effects on a malic enzyme., Bioorg Med Chem Lett 21(6):1667-9
[5] Kim S., Lee CH., Nam SW., Kim P., 2011, Alteration of reducing powers in an isogenic phosphoglucose isomerase (pgi)-disrupted Escherichia coli expressing NAD(P)-dependent malic enzymes and NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase., Lett Appl Microbiol 52(5):433-40
[6] Kwon YD., Kwon OH., Lee HS., Kim P., 2007, The effect of NADP-dependent malic enzyme expression and anaerobic C4 metabolism in Escherichia coli compared with other anaplerotic enzymes., J Appl Microbiol 103(6):2340-5
[7] Lou F., Li N., Zhao Y., Guo S., Wang Z., Chen T., 2016, [Effects of overexpression of carboxylation pathway genes and inactivation of malic enzymes on malic acid production in Escherichia coli]., Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 32(11):1539-1548
[8] Mienda BS., Shamsir MS., Illias RM., 2016, Model-guided metabolic gene knockout of gnd for enhanced succinate production in Escherichia coli from glucose and glycerol substrates., Comput Biol Chem 61:130-7
[9] Shen T., Rui B., Zhou H., Zhang X., Yi Y., Wen H., Zheng H., Wu J., Shi Y., 2013, Metabolic flux ratio analysis and multi-objective optimization revealed a globally conserved and coordinated metabolic response of E. coli to paraquat-induced oxidative stress., Mol Biosyst 9(1):121-32
[10] Sigala JC., Flores S., Flores N., Aguilar C., de Anda R., Gosset G., Bolivar F., 2009, Acetate metabolism in Escherichia coli strains lacking phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system; evidence of carbon recycling strategies and futile cycles., J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 16(3-4):224-35
[11] Soellner S., Rahnert M., Siemann-Herzberg M., Takors R., Altenbuchner J., 2013, Evolution of pyruvate kinase-deficient Escherichia coli mutants enables glycerol-based cell growth and succinate production., J Appl Microbiol 115(6):1368-78
[12] Weiner M., Trondle J., Albermann C., Sprenger GA., Weuster-Botz D., 2014, Improvement of constraint-based flux estimation during L-phenylalanine production with Escherichia coli using targeted knock-out mutants., Biotechnol Bioeng 111(7):1406-16
[13] Wu H., Li ZM., Zhou L., Ye Q., 2007, Improved succinic acid production in the anaerobic culture of an Escherichia coli pflB ldhA double mutant as a result of enhanced anaplerotic activities in the preceding aerobic culture., Appl Environ Microbiol 73(24):7837-43
[14] Yang J., Wang Z., Zhu N., Wang B., Chen T., Zhao X., 2014, Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli and in silico comparing of carboxylation pathways for high succinate productivity under aerobic conditions., Microbiol Res 169(5-6):432-40
[15] Huerta AM., Collado-Vides J., 2003, Sigma70 promoters in Escherichia coli: specific transcription in dense regions of overlapping promoter-like signals., J Mol Biol 333(2):261-78