Gene
Name:	frsA
Synonym(s):	ECK0240, EG11091, b0239, yafA
Genome position(nucleotides):	256527 --> 257771 Genome Browser
Strand:	forward
Sequence:	Get nucleotide sequence FastaFormat
GC content %:	53.65
External database links:

ASAP:	ABE-0000817
ECHOBASE:	EB1083
OU-MICROARRAY:	b0239
PortEco:	frsA
STRING:	511145.b0239
COLOMBOS:	frsA

Type	Name	Post Left	Strand	Notes	Evidence (Confirmed, Strong, Weak)	References
promoter	TSS_455	256509	forward	nd	[RS-EPT-CBR]	[3]
promoter	crlp1	257810	forward	Zaslaver et al. demonstrated in 2006, by means of a library of fluorescent transcription fusions, that this promoter can be transcribed in vitro Zaslaver A,2006. Read more >	[CV(RS-EPT-CBR/TA)], [CV(TA/TIM)], [HTIM], [IEP], [RS-EPT-CBR], [TIM]	[3], [4], [5], [6]
promoter	crlp2	257824	forward	This promoter was identified by microarray and ChIP assays with a mutant σ⁵⁴ strain and a σ⁵⁴-overexpressing strain, and by σ⁵⁴-related promoter element identification Zhao K,2010 We assigned a putative transcription start site to this promoter based on the observation that the majority of the σ⁵⁴-dependent promoters, whose transcription start sites were determined experimentally, present a distance of 11 nucleotides between the transcription start site and the -12 box Barrios H,1999. Read more >	[HIPP], [IEP]	[7]

Evidence
[RS-EPT-CBR] RNA-seq using two enrichment strategies for primary transcripts and consistent biological replicates
[CV(RS-EPT-CBR/TA)] cross validation(RS-EPT-CBR/TA)
[CV(TA/TIM)] cross validation(TA/TIM)
[HTIM] High-throughput transcription initiation mapping
[IEP] Inferred from expression pattern
[TIM] Transcription initiation mapping
[HIPP] Human inference of promoter position

Reference(s)
[1] Koo BM., Yoon MJ., Lee CR., Nam TW., Choe YJ., Jaffe H., Peterkofsky A., Seok YJ., 2004, A novel fermentation/respiration switch protein regulated by enzyme IIAGlc in Escherichia coli., J Biol Chem 279(30):31613-21
[2] Kuznetsova E., Proudfoot M., Sanders SA., Reinking J., Savchenko A., Arrowsmith CH., Edwards AM., Yakunin AF., 2005, Enzyme genomics: Application of general enzymatic screens to discover new enzymes., FEMS Microbiol Rev 29(2):263-79
[3] Salgado H, Peralta-Gil M, Gama-Castro S, Santos-Zavaleta A, Muñiz-Rascado L, García-Sotelo JS, Weiss V, Solano-Lira H, Martínez-Flores I, Medina-Rivera A, Salgado-Osorio G, Alquicira-Hernández S, Alquicira-Hernández K, López-Fuentes A, Porrón-Sotelo L, Huerta AM, Bonavides-Martínez C, Balderas-Martínez YI, Pannier L, Olvera M, Labastida A, Jiménez-Jacinto V, Vega-Alvarado L, Del Moral-Chávez V, Hernández-Alvarez A, Morett E, Collado-Vides J., 2012, RegulonDB v8.0: omics data sets, evolutionary conservation, regulatory phrases, cross-validated gold standards and more., Nucleic Acids Res.
[4] Arnqvist A., Olsen A., Pfeifer J., Russell DG., Normark S., 1992, The Crl protein activates cryptic genes for curli formation and fibronectin binding in Escherichia coli HB101., Mol Microbiol 6(17):2443-52
[5] Mendoza-Vargas A., Olvera L., Olvera M., Grande R., Vega-Alvarado L., Taboada B., Jimenez-Jacinto V., Salgado H., Juarez K., Contreras-Moreira B., Huerta AM., Collado-Vides J., Morett E., 2009, Genome-wide identification of transcription start sites, promoters and transcription factor binding sites in E. coli., PLoS One 4(10):e7526
[6] Zaslaver A., Bren A., Ronen M., Itzkovitz S., Kikoin I., Shavit S., Liebermeister W., Surette MG., Alon U., 2006, A comprehensive library of fluorescent transcriptional reporters for Escherichia coli., Nat Methods 3(8):623-8
[7] Zhao K., Liu M., Burgess RR., 2010, Promoter and regulon analysis of nitrogen assimilation factor, sigma54, reveal alternative strategy for E. coli MG1655 flagellar biosynthesis., Nucleic Acids Res 38(4):1273-83

RNA cis-regulatory element

Attenuation:	Transcriptional