RegulonDB RegulonDB 11.1: Operon Form
   

micF operon and associated TUs in Escherichia coli K-12 genome




Operon      
Name: micF
This page displays every known transcription unit of this operon and their known regulation.


Transcription unit          
Name: micF
Gene(s): micF   Genome Browser M3D Gene expression COLOMBOS
Note(s): The regulation of micF by Lrp indirectly affects the regulation of ompF (a porin), as micF codes for the antisense RNA that inhibits ompF translation Ferrario M,1995
The expression of the micF gene is affected by antibiotic pressure Viveiros M, Dupont M, Rodrigues L, Couto I, Davin-Regli A, Martins M, Pagès JM, Amaral L,2007 An increase in the micF expression is maintained during exposure to increasing concentrations of the antibiotic tetracycline Viveiros M, Dupont M, Rodrigues L, Couto I, Davin-Regli A, Martins M, Pagès JM, Amaral L,2007 In the same experiment, an increase of micF expression correlated with the expression of the marA gene, which codes for an activator of micF Viveiros M, Dupont M, Rodrigues L, Couto I, Davin-Regli A, Martins M, Pagès JM, Amaral L,2007
Salicylate activates the inaAp and micFp promoters through Rob Chubiz LM, Glekas GD, Rao CV,2012
The transcription of the gene micF is enhanced under high oxygen saturation (300%) in the absence of the superoxide dismutase proteins SodA and SodB Baez A,2013
EnvZ-OmpR positively controls MicF RNA under high-osmolarity conditions Ramani N, Hedeshian M, Freundlich M,1994 SoxS under oxidative stress Chou JH, Greenberg JT, Demple B,1993 and MarA in response to antibiotic stress Cohen SP, McMurry LM, Levy SB,1988
The RNA produced by the micF gene has been observed mainly in the poles of the cell during stress conditions Kannaiah S, Livny J, Amster-Choder O,2019.
Evidence: [EXP-IDA-BOUNDARIES-DEFINED] Boundaries of transcription experimentally identified
[EXP-IDA-TRANSCRIPT-LEN-DETERMINATION] Length of transcript experimentally determined
Reference(s): [1] Andersen J., et al., 1987
Promoter
Name: micFp1
+1: 2313084
Sigma Factor: Sigma70 Sigmulon
Distance from start of the gene: 0
Sequence: aagtatttgacagcactgaatgtcaaaacaaaaccttcactcgcaactagaataactcccGctatcatcattaactttatt
                      -35                       -10         +1                   
Evidence: [COMP-AINF]
[COMP-HINF-POSITIONAL-IDENTIFICATION]
[EXP-IDA-TRANSCRIPTION-INIT-MAPPING]
Reference(s): [1] Andersen J., et al., 1987
[2] Huerta AM., et al., 2003
[3] Seo SW., et al., 2015
TF binding sites (TFBSs)
[AcrR,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
remote AcrR repressor micFp1 2313112 2313135 41.0 atttattaccGTCATTCATTTCTGAATGTCTGTTtacccctatt nd [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] nd [19]
[H-NS,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
nd H-NS repressor micFp1 nd nd nd nd nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS] W [11], [21]
[HU,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
nd HU activator micFp1 nd nd nd nd nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS] W [20]
[IHF,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal IHF repressor micFp1 2313006 2313018 -72.0 tcaaggttaaAATCAATAACTTAttcttaagta nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [14]
[Lrp,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal Lrp repressor micFp1 2313103 2313117 27.5 attaactttaTTTATTACCGTCATTcatttctgaa nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [11], [17], [18]
remote Lrp repressor micFp1 2313134 2313148 58.5 tgaatgtctgTTTACCCCTATTTCAaccggatgcc nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [11], [17], [18]
remote Lrp repressor micFp1 2313163 2313177 87.5 gatgcctcgcATTCGGTTTTTTTTAcccttcttta nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [11], [17], [18]
remote Lrp-L-leucine repressor micFp1 2313199 2313210 122.0 acacttttcaTTATTCTGTGCTaccacagaaa nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [11], [18]
[MarA,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal MarA activator micFp1 2313034 2313053 -40.0 aagtatttgaCAGCACTGAATGTCAAAACAaaaccttcac nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [11], [16]
[OmpR,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
remote OmpR-phosphorylated activator micFp1 2312868 2312887 -206.5 atccaacacgAATATGATACTAAAACTTTTaagatgtttc nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]
remote OmpR-phosphorylated activator micFp1 2312888 2312907 -186.5 taaaacttttAAGATGTTTCATTTATCGCTatagatgttt nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [4], [5], [6], [8], [9]
remote OmpR-phosphorylated activator micFp1 2312909 2312928 -165.5 tttatcgctaTAGATGTTTCAAAATGTAAAtgcaagggaa nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [4], [5], [6], [8], [9], [10]
[Rob,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal Rob activator micFp1 2313034 2313053 -40.0 aagtatttgaCAGCACTGAATGTCAAAACAaaaccttcac nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [15]
[SoxS,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
remote SoxS activator micFp1 2312955 2312974 -119.5 aagattattgCGGAATGGCGAAATAAGCACctaacatcaa nd [EXP-IEP-RNA-SEQ], [COMP-HINF], [EXP-CHIP-EXO-MANUAL], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [11], [12], [13]
proximal SoxS activator micFp1 2313036 2313055 -38.5 gtatttgacaGCACTGAATGTCAAAACAAAaccttcactc nd [EXP-IEP-RNA-SEQ], [COMP-HINF], [EXP-CHIP-EXO-MANUAL], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [11], [12], [13]


Transcription unit          
Name: micF
Gene(s): micF   Genome Browser M3D Gene expression COLOMBOS
Note(s): The regulation of micF by Lrp indirectly affects the regulation of ompF (a porin), as micF codes for the antisense RNA that inhibits ompF translation Ferrario M,1995
The expression of the micF gene is affected by antibiotic pressure Viveiros M, Dupont M, Rodrigues L, Couto I, Davin-Regli A, Martins M, Pagès JM, Amaral L,2007 An increase in the micF expression is maintained during exposure to increasing concentrations of the antibiotic tetracycline Viveiros M, Dupont M, Rodrigues L, Couto I, Davin-Regli A, Martins M, Pagès JM, Amaral L,2007 In the same experiment, an increase of micF expression correlated with the expression of the marA gene, which codes for an activator of micF Viveiros M, Dupont M, Rodrigues L, Couto I, Davin-Regli A, Martins M, Pagès JM, Amaral L,2007
Salicylate activates the inaAp and micFp promoters through Rob Chubiz LM, Glekas GD, Rao CV,2012
The transcription of the gene micF is enhanced under high oxygen saturation (300%) in the absence of the superoxide dismutase proteins SodA and SodB Baez A,2013
EnvZ-OmpR positively controls MicF RNA under high-osmolarity conditions Ramani N, Hedeshian M, Freundlich M,1994 SoxS under oxidative stress Chou JH, Greenberg JT, Demple B,1993 and MarA in response to antibiotic stress Cohen SP, McMurry LM, Levy SB,1988
The RNA produced by the micF gene has been observed mainly in the poles of the cell during stress conditions Kannaiah S, Livny J, Amster-Choder O,2019.
Evidence: [EXP-IDA-BOUNDARIES-DEFINED] Boundaries of transcription experimentally identified
[EXP-IDA-TRANSCRIPT-LEN-DETERMINATION] Length of transcript experimentally determined
Reference(s): [1] Andersen J., et al., 1987
Promoter
Name: micFp2
+1: 2313084
Sigma Factor: Sigma38 Sigmulon
Distance from start of the gene: 0
Sequence: aagtatttgacagcactgaatgtcaaaacaaaaccttcactcgcaactagaataactcccGctatcatcattaactttatt
Evidence: [COMP-HINF-POSITIONAL-IDENTIFICATION]
[EXP-IDA-TRANSCRIPTION-INIT-MAPPING]
[EXP-IEP]
[EXP-IPI]
Reference(s): [1] Andersen J., et al., 1987
[3] Seo SW., et al., 2015
TF binding sites (TFBSs)
[AcrR,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
remote AcrR repressor micFp2 2313112 2313135 41.0 atttattaccGTCATTCATTTCTGAATGTCTGTTtacccctatt nd [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] nd [19]
[H-NS,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
nd H-NS repressor micFp2 nd nd nd nd nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS] W [11], [21]
[HU,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
nd HU activator micFp2 nd nd nd nd nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS] W [20]
[IHF,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal IHF repressor micFp2 2313006 2313018 -72.0 tcaaggttaaAATCAATAACTTAttcttaagta nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [14]
[Lrp,-] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal Lrp repressor micFp2 2313103 2313117 27.5 attaactttaTTTATTACCGTCATTcatttctgaa nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [11], [17], [18]
remote Lrp repressor micFp2 2313134 2313148 58.5 tgaatgtctgTTTACCCCTATTTCAaccggatgcc nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [11], [17], [18]
remote Lrp repressor micFp2 2313163 2313177 87.5 gatgcctcgcATTCGGTTTTTTTTAcccttcttta nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [11], [17], [18]
remote Lrp-L-leucine repressor micFp2 2313199 2313210 122.0 acacttttcaTTATTCTGTGCTaccacagaaa nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [11], [18]
[MarA,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal MarA activator micFp2 2313034 2313053 -40.0 aagtatttgaCAGCACTGAATGTCAAAACAaaaccttcac nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [11], [16]
[OmpR,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
remote OmpR-phosphorylated activator micFp2 2312868 2312887 -206.5 atccaacacgAATATGATACTAAAACTTTTaagatgtttc nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]
remote OmpR-phosphorylated activator micFp2 2312888 2312907 -186.5 taaaacttttAAGATGTTTCATTTATCGCTatagatgttt nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [4], [5], [6], [8], [9]
remote OmpR-phosphorylated activator micFp2 2312909 2312928 -165.5 tttatcgctaTAGATGTTTCAAAATGTAAAtgcaagggaa nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS], [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] C [4], [5], [6], [8], [9], [10]
[Rob,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
proximal Rob activator micFp2 2313034 2313053 -40.0 aagtatttgaCAGCACTGAATGTCAAAACAaaaccttcac nd [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS], [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] W [15]
[SoxS,+] Phrase
Type Transcription factor Function Promoter Binding Sites Growth Conditions Evidence Confidence level (C: Confirmed, S: Strong, W: Weak) Reference(s)
LeftPos RightPos Central Rel-Pos Sequence
remote SoxS activator micFp2 2312955 2312974 -119.5 aagattattgCGGAATGGCGAAATAAGCACctaacatcaa nd [EXP-IEP-RNA-SEQ], [COMP-HINF], [EXP-CHIP-EXO-MANUAL], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [11], [12], [13]
proximal SoxS activator micFp2 2313036 2313055 -38.5 gtatttgacaGCACTGAATGTCAAAACAAAaccttcactc nd [EXP-IEP-RNA-SEQ], [COMP-HINF], [EXP-CHIP-EXO-MANUAL], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS], [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] C [11], [12], [13]


Evidence    

 [COMP-AINF] Inferred computationally without human oversight

 [COMP-HINF-POSITIONAL-IDENTIFICATION] Human inference of promoter position

 [EXP-IDA-TRANSCRIPTION-INIT-MAPPING] Transcription initiation mapping

 [COMP-AINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] Automated inference based on similarity to consensus sequences

 [EXP-IEP-GENE-EXPRESSION-ANALYSIS] Gene expression analysis

 [COMP-HINF-SIMILAR-TO-CONSENSUS] A person inferred or reviewed a computer inference of sequence function based on similarity to a consensus sequence.

 [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-CELLULAR-EXTRACTS] Binding of cellular extracts

 [EXP-IDA-BINDING-OF-PURIFIED-PROTEINS] Binding of purified proteins

 [EXP-IMP-SITE-MUTATION] Site mutation

 [EXP-IEP-RNA-SEQ] high throughput RNA-seq evidence

 [COMP-HINF] Inferred by a human based on computational evidence

 [EXP-CHIP-EXO-MANUAL] ChIP-exo evidence used in manual assertion

 [EXP-IEP] Inferred from expression pattern

 [EXP-IPI] Inferred from physical interaction


Reference(s)    

 [1] Andersen J., Delihas N., Ikenaka K., Green PJ., Pines O., Ilercil O., Inouye M., 1987, The isolation and characterization of RNA coded by the micF gene in Escherichia coli., Nucleic Acids Res 15(5):2089-101

 [2] Huerta AM., Collado-Vides J., 2003, Sigma70 promoters in Escherichia coli: specific transcription in dense regions of overlapping promoter-like signals., J Mol Biol 333(2):261-78

 [3] Seo SW., Kim D., O'Brien EJ., Szubin R., Palsson BO., 2015, Decoding genome-wide GadEWX-transcriptional regulatory networks reveals multifaceted cellular responses to acid stress in Escherichia coli., Nat Commun 6:7970

 [4] Coyer J., Andersen J., Forst SA., Inouye M., Delihas N., 1990, micF RNA in ompB mutants of Escherichia coli: different pathways regulate micF RNA levels in response to osmolarity and temperature change., J Bacteriol 172(8):4143-50

 [5] Mattison K., Oropeza R., Byers N., Kenney LJ., 2002, A phosphorylation site mutant of OmpR reveals different binding conformations at ompF and ompC., J Mol Biol 315(4):497-511

 [6] Miyake Y., Yamamoto K., 2020, Epistatic Effect of Regulators to the Adaptive Growth of Escherichia coli., Sci Rep 10(1):3661

 [7] Qin L., Yoshida T., Inouye M., 2001, The critical role of DNA in the equilibrium between OmpR and phosphorylated OmpR mediated by EnvZ in Escherichia coli., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(3):908-13

 [8] Yoshida T., Qin L., Egger LA., Inouye M., 2006, Transcription regulation of ompF and ompC by a single transcription factor, OmpR., J Biol Chem 281(25):17114-23

 [9] Tsung K., Brissette RE., Inouye M., 1989, Identification of the DNA-binding domain of the OmpR protein required for transcriptional activation of the ompF and ompC genes of Escherichia coli by in vivo DNA footprinting., J Biol Chem 264(17):10104-9

 [10] Gerken H., Vuong P., Soparkar K., Misra R., 2020, Roles of the EnvZ/OmpR Two-Component System and Porins in Iron Acquisition in Escherichia coli., mBio 11(3)

 [11] Delihas N., Forst S., 2001, MicF: an antisense RNA gene involved in response of Escherichia coli to global stress factors., J Mol Biol 313(1):1-12

 [12] Li Z., Demple B., 1994, SoxS, an activator of superoxide stress genes in Escherichia coli. Purification and interaction with DNA., J Biol Chem 269(28):18371-7

 [13] Seo SW., Kim D., Szubin R., Palsson BO., 2015, Genome-wide Reconstruction of OxyR and SoxRS Transcriptional Regulatory Networks under Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655., Cell Rep 12(8):1289-99

 [14] Huang L., Tsui P., Freundlich M., 1990, Integration host factor is a negative effector of in vivo and in vitro expression of ompC in Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 172(9):5293-8

 [15] Kwon HJ., Bennik MH., Demple B., Ellenberger T., 2000, Crystal structure of the Escherichia coli Rob transcription factor in complex with DNA., Nat Struct Biol 7(5):424-30

 [16] Gillette WK., Martin RG., Rosner JL., 2000, Probing the Escherichia coli transcriptional activator MarA using alanine-scanning mutagenesis: residues important for DNA binding and activation., J Mol Biol 299(5):1245-55

 [17] Ernsting BR., Atkinson MR., Ninfa AJ., Matthews RG., 1992, Characterization of the regulon controlled by the leucine-responsive regulatory protein in Escherichia coli., J Bacteriol 174(4):1109-18

 [18] Ferrario M., Ernsting BR., Borst DW., Wiese DE., Blumenthal RM., Matthews RG., 1995, The leucine-responsive regulatory protein of Escherichia coli negatively regulates transcription of ompC and micF and positively regulates translation of ompF., J Bacteriol 177(1):103-13

 [19] Rodionov DA., Gelfand MS., Mironov AA., Rakhmaninova AB., 2001, Comparative approach to analysis of regulation in complete genomes: multidrug resistance systems in gamma-proteobacteria., J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 3(2):319-24

 [20] Painbeni E., Caroff M., Rouviere-Yaniv J., 1997, Alterations of the outer membrane composition in Escherichia coli lacking the histone-like protein HU., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94(13):6712-7

 [21] Deighan P., Free A., Dorman CJ., 2000, A role for the Escherichia coli H-NS-like protein StpA in OmpF porin expression through modulation of micF RNA stability., Mol Microbiol 38(1):126-39

RegulonDB